Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Part IVA does not itself lay down a legislative process to enforce Fundamental Duties. Statement 1 is false.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. Duties in 51A are constitutional moral precepts, not automatically correlative legal duties in the same way as statutory obligations. Statement 2 is not accepted as true here.
- C
Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2. Both fail. Not the key.
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2. Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) are non-justiciable as a set: the Constitution does not provide a general enforcement process, and they are not simply correlative legal duties. This is the official key.
Summary. Official key is (d) neither 1 nor 2. The 42nd Amendment added Fundamental Duties; the 86th added the education duty. They guide citizens but are not, as a package, backed by a constitutional enforcement code, nor are they the jural correlatives of every legal duty. Parliament may create specific offences (for example flag law) without turning 51A into a justiciable charter. Both statements therefore fall.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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2021 · Q89 · General Studies · 2 marks
With reference to India, consider the following statements : 1. There is only one citizenship and one domicile. 2. A citizen by birth only can become the Head of State. 3. A foreigner once granted the citizenship cannot be deprived of it under any circumstances. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? -
2026 · Q51 · General Studies · 2 marks
Mr. X, a senior officer, was overseeing a critical vaccination programme during a pandemic. He found that a private service provider responsible for vaccine distribution was compromising on quality to make profits. Despite immense pressure to manage the issue due to vested interests, he raised his voice based on the principles of public administration which he learnt during various training programmes attended across his career. He reported the issue to the appropriate vigilance authority and halted the contract to ensure citizen welfare. Which one among the following principles of public administration was most strongly demonstrated by Mr. X's actions?