Explanation
- A
1 only
The Sun’s gravity does contribute to tides (especially spring and neap inequality), but the Moon and Earth’s rotation/centrifugal effect also act. Statement 1 alone is incomplete. This option is not the key.
- B
2 and 3 only
Moon and centrifugal effect matter, but omitting the Sun drops a real tide-raising force. This option is therefore wrong.
- C
1 and 3 only
Sun plus centrifugal force without the Moon omits the principal tide-raising body. This option is not the key.
- D
1, 2 and 3
Tides arise from the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun and from the centrifugal force due to the Earth–Moon system’s rotation about the barycentre. All three statements are therefore correct. This option is the official key.
Summary. Official key is (d) 1, 2 and 3. Lunar gravity is the main tide-raising force; solar gravity modulates spring and neap tides. A centrifugal component in the Earth–Moon system completes the equilibrium-tide picture used in this question. No statement can be dropped. Options 1 only or any pair are incomplete.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
-
2020 · Q99 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following statements: 1. Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. 2. Only some cyclones develop an eye. 3. The temperature inside the eye of a cyclone is nearly 10°C lesser than that of the surroundings. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? -
2015 · Q72 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following States: 1. Arunachal Pradesh 2. Himachal Pradesh 3. Mizoram In which of the above States do 'Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests' occur?