Revision summary
Article 371A of the Indian Constitution grants special autonomous status to Nagaland, protecting its traditional socio-religious practices, customary laws, and land ownership rights. Enacted via the 13th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962, following the 16-point Agreement, it reflects the asymmetrical federal framework of India. The article places a special responsibility on the Governor regarding law and order and regional financial allocations. It balances tribal autonomy with national integration, though it faces implementation challenges in modern governance.
Model answer
Copper italics in this answer — like this — are the key facts. Each one is unpacked in the Facts & figures rail.
Introduction
Article 371A embodies the unique constitutional accommodation of Nagaland's indigenous socio-cultural and political heritage within the Indian Union. Stemming from the 16-point Agreement of 1960, it provides robust safeguards for Naga customary law and resource ownership.
Body
Socio-Cultural and Legal Safeguards
- Customary Law Protection: Religious and social practices, Naga customary law, and administration of civil and criminal justice involving Naga customary decisions are constitutionally protected from parliamentary legislation.
- Land and Resource Ownership: Ownership and transfer of land and its resources are insulated to prevent external alienation and preserve indigenous tribal identity.
Executive and Legislative Provisions
- Governor's Special Responsibility: The Governor of Nagaland exercises individual judgment regarding law and order, overriding the Council of Ministers when necessary.
- Regional Council for Tuensang: A special provision establishes a Tuensang Regional Council to ensure equitable development and representation for the eastern tribes of the state.
Flow diagram
flowchart TD Art371A[Article 371A] --> Custom[Customary Law Safeguards] Art371A --> Land[Land & Resource Ownership] Art371A --> Gov[Governor Special Responsibility] Art371A --> Tuensang[Tuensang Regional Council]
Conclusion
Article 371A serves as a vital bridge between distinct tribal traditions and modern democratic governance in Northeast India. By anchoring cultural preservation in constitutional law, it strengthens national integration through asymmetrical federalism.
Quick related
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Contribution of L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer in Anthropology.
Next question on this syllabus topic (2026 · Q5(e)). View answer →
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What is the primary objective of Article 371A of the Indian Constitution?
It aims to preserve the religious and social practices, customary laws, and ownership of land and resources of the Naga people of Nagaland.
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How does Article 371A affect the legislative power of Parliament in Nagaland?
Acts of Parliament relating to Naga religious or social practices, customary law, administration of justice, and ownership of land do not apply to Nagaland unless the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
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