A
1 only
B
2 only
C
Both 1 and 2
D
Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct since the zero-MDR policy has been applied to UPI and RuPay debit cards since 2020. Statement 2 is incorrect because digital payment policies and frameworks like MDR involve bodies such as the RBI, NPCI, and the Ministry of Finance, not the Ministry of Rural Development.
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