Biological anthropology 66 / 79

Forensic anthropology, sport and identification

Bones, DNA and performance — applied physical anthropology with ethics.

Forensic and applied — revision graphic for UPSC Anthropology
Forensic and applied — revision graphic for UPSC Anthropology

Key points

Applied branches (physical)

Applied physical anthropology is measurement in the service of sport, medicine, identification and the state — name the use and the harm.

  • Sports: phenotype plus training; Morehouse–Rasch body-type matching is a classification peg, not fate.
  • Aviation and defence: pressure suits, cockpit reach, vest and night-vision sizing.
  • Genotypic tools (stem cells, CAR-T) vs phenotypic (prosthetics, diet, Accessible India) — ethics first.
  • Public-health genetics is not Galton’s eugenics; say the difference.
  • Educational anthropology: culturally fit schooling — Haimendorf’s teacher training and Gond dictionary work as teaching cases.
  • Corporate anthropology: products and workplaces designed with ethnography, not only surveys.

Methods

Forensic identification

  • Sex: pelvis first (subpubic angle, inlet). Skull second.
  • Age: tooth eruption; epiphyseal fusion (femur head about 19–20 years; third molar 17–21).
  • DNA / HLA for disaster identification.
  • Facial approximation and photo–skull superimposition in disputed-identity cases.
QuestionBest tissueCaution
SexPelvisChildren harder
AgeTeeth and epiphysesRanges, not birthdays
IdentityDNA if availableContamination, consent

Case

Sports as culture (bridge)

  • Orin Starn on Tiger Woods: race, celebrity, global capital — sport is not only oxygen uptake.
  • Sachindra Narayan (1995): Munda phodi hockey — bamboo-root stick, later redesigned; indigenous knowledge in material culture.
  • Hoberman on doping: commercialisation and ethics.

WRAP Exams coaching notes for UPSC Anthropology optional. Pair with the official syllabus when you need every heading in order.

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