Key points
Applied branches (physical)
Applied physical anthropology is measurement in the service of sport, medicine, identification and the state — name the use and the harm.
- Sports: phenotype plus training; Morehouse–Rasch body-type matching is a classification peg, not fate.
- Aviation and defence: pressure suits, cockpit reach, vest and night-vision sizing.
- Genotypic tools (stem cells, CAR-T) vs phenotypic (prosthetics, diet, Accessible India) — ethics first.
- Public-health genetics is not Galton’s eugenics; say the difference.
- Educational anthropology: culturally fit schooling — Haimendorf’s teacher training and Gond dictionary work as teaching cases.
- Corporate anthropology: products and workplaces designed with ethnography, not only surveys.
Methods
Forensic identification
- Sex: pelvis first (subpubic angle, inlet). Skull second.
- Age: tooth eruption; epiphyseal fusion (femur head about 19–20 years; third molar 17–21).
- DNA / HLA for disaster identification.
- Facial approximation and photo–skull superimposition in disputed-identity cases.
| Question | Best tissue | Caution |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Pelvis | Children harder |
| Age | Teeth and epiphyses | Ranges, not birthdays |
| Identity | DNA if available | Contamination, consent |
Case
Sports as culture (bridge)
- Orin Starn on Tiger Woods: race, celebrity, global capital — sport is not only oxygen uptake.
- Sachindra Narayan (1995): Munda phodi hockey — bamboo-root stick, later redesigned; indigenous knowledge in material culture.
- Hoberman on doping: commercialisation and ethics.
WRAP Exams coaching notes for UPSC Anthropology optional. Pair with the official syllabus when you need every heading in order.