Anthropology short notes · Paper 1

Human Genetics

9.1 Human Genetics: Methods and Application: Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.

Short notes

Human Genetics

Human Genetics

Definition

Medical Genetics: It is the standard method for understanding the inheritance patterns of Mendelian disorders such as Huntington’s disease, Sickle-cell anemia, and Thalassemia.

Thinkers

  • Bronislaw Malinowski | Fieldwork; Cultural Anthropology
  • Franz Boas | Cultural Anthropology; Historical Particularism
  • Benjamin Lee Whorf | Linguistic Relativity
  • Radcliffe-Brown: Used genealogies to reconstruct descent groups and social structure in Africa.

Methods

Definition

Study (Kamal K. Misra): >85% of tribal land transfers in AP, MP, Odisha are to non-tribals.

Thinkers

  • Development-induced displacement (by B.K. Roy Burman) highlighting Eco, Health, Political marginalisation.
  • Titles show caste influence: Singh, Pujari, Rana, Nayak.
  • Radcliffe-Brown: Used genealogies to reconstruct descent groups and social structure in Africa.
  • Malinowski: Used them to understand kinship and land inheritance among the Trobriand Islanders.

Application: Methods For Study Of Genetic Principles In Man-Family Study

Definition

Medical Genetics: It is the standard method for understanding the inheritance patterns of Mendelian disorders such as Huntington’s disease, Sickle-cell anemia, and Thalassemia.

Thinkers

  • Radcliffe-Brown: Used genealogies to reconstruct descent groups and social structure in Africa.
  • Malinowski: Used them to understand kinship and land inheritance among the Trobriand Islanders.
  • Claude Lévi-Strauss: Used genealogical/kinship data to develop Alliance Theory, focusing on marriage and exchange between lineages.
  • India: S.C. Roy documented Oraon genealogies; Irawati Karve used genealogical mapping to study village kinship and exogamy in Maharashtra.: Applications of Pedigree Analysis.

Biochemical Methods

Definition

It examines humans as biological organisms.

Immunological Methods

Definition

It examines humans as biological organisms.

D.N.A. Technology

Definition

Medical Genetics: It is the standard method for understanding the inheritance patterns of Mendelian disorders such as Huntington’s disease, Sickle-cell anemia, and Thalassemia.

Thinkers

  • Bronislaw Malinowski | Fieldwork; Cultural Anthropology
  • Franz Boas | Cultural Anthropology; Historical Particularism
  • Benjamin Lee Whorf | Linguistic Relativity
  • Radcliffe-Brown: Used genealogies to reconstruct descent groups and social structure in Africa.

Recombinant Technologies

Definition

Medical Genetics: It is the standard method for understanding the inheritance patterns of Mendelian disorders such as Huntington’s disease, Sickle-cell anemia, and Thalassemia.

Thinkers

  • Bronislaw Malinowski | Fieldwork; Cultural Anthropology
  • Franz Boas | Cultural Anthropology; Historical Particularism
  • Benjamin Lee Whorf | Linguistic Relativity
  • Radcliffe-Brown: Used genealogies to reconstruct descent groups and social structure in Africa.