Given below are two statements, one is labelled asAssertion (A) :and the other as Reason (R).Assertion (A):Poverty line differs across time and countries.Reason (R):The basic needs of people vary across regions and overtime.

1. A

   Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

   Both true, R not explaining A. Varying basic needs is exactly why the poverty line moves across time and countries.

2. B

   (A) is false, but (R) is true

   (A) false. Poverty lines do differ.

3. C

   (A) is true, but (R) is false

   (R) false. Basic needs do vary.

4. D

   Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

   Both true and R explains A. The line is set to local, time-bound basic needs, so it is not one number for every country and year.

Summary. Official key is (d). Poverty lines differ because basic needs differ across regions and over time. Also note: Tendulkar / Rangarajan — Indian poverty-line revisions; PPP $2.15 — World Bank extreme-poverty line (2017 PPP); Calorie norms — Older Indian lines; later mixed with health/education; Urban vs rural — Separate lines inside one country.