Given below are two statements, one is labelled asAssertion (A) :and the other as Reason (R).Assertion (A):Directive Principles are important for economic, social and political functions in a Modern Democratic State.Reason (R):The core objectives of Directive Principles is to establish economic and social democracy.

1. A

   Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

   Both true, R not explaining A. Socio-economic democracy is exactly why DPSPs matter in a modern democratic state.

2. B

   (A) is false, but (R) is true

   (A) false. DPSPs are the socio-economic script of the Constitution.

3. C

   (A) is true, but (R) is false

   (R) false. Granville Austin’s ‘social revolution’ reading matches R.

4. D

   Both (A) and (R) are truc and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

   Both true and R explains A. DPSPs aim at economic and social democracy, which is why they matter for those functions.

Summary. Official key is (d). DPSPs matter because they aim at economic and social democracy. Also note: Part IV — Articles 36–51; Article 37 — Not enforceable but fundamental in governance; Austin — Seamless web; social revolution; Minerva Mills — Balance of Parts III and IV.