Explanation
- A
Equality before Law – Guaranteed to both citizens and non-citizens
Option (a) claims that Equality before Law under Article 14 is guaranteed to both citizens and non-citizens alike. This statement is correctly matched as Article 14 applies to all persons within the territory of India. Therefore, this option is not the key.
- B
Equality of opportunity in public employment – Guaranteed only to Indian citizens
Option (b) claims that Equality of opportunity in public employment under Article 16 is guaranteed only to Indian citizens. This statement is correctly matched since Article 16 explicitly restricts this right to citizens of India. Therefore, this option is not the key.
- C
Creating a new State – Power of Parliament
Option (c) claims that creating a new State falls under the power of Parliament according to Article 3. This statement is correctly matched because only Parliament has the authority to form new States by law. Therefore, this option is not the key.
- D
Altering the name of a State – Power of the State Legislature
Option (d) claims that altering the name of a State is the power of the State Legislature. This statement is incorrectly matched because the power to alter the name of any State rests solely with the Parliament under Article 3 of the Constitution, not the state legislature, making this the correct choice for the not correctly matched pair.
Summary. Official key is (d) because altering the name of a State is the power of the Parliament, not the State Legislature. Options (a), (b), and (c) are all correctly matched constitutional provisions regarding fundamental rights and parliamentary powers. Article 14 extends equality before law to citizens and non-citizens, while Article 16 restricts public employment equality to citizens. Article 3 grants Parliament the authority for forming new states and changing state names. Thus, option (d) is the only incorrectly matched pair.