By which year has the target of population stability been fixed in India?

1. A

   Year 2045

   Option (a) claims the target year for population stability in India is 2045. This year is often associated with earlier demographic projections, but it is not the officially designated target. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

2. B

   Year 2070

   Option (b) claims that the target year for achieving population stability in India is 2070. According to the National Population Policy and official health ministry projections, the year 2070 has been set as the milestone to achieve a stable population. This makes it the correct option and the key.

3. C

   Year 2075

   Option (c) claims the target year is 2075. This is an arbitrary later year not supported by official demographic policy documents of the government. Hence, this option is incorrect.

4. D

   Year 2080

   Option (d) claims the target year is 2080. While population stabilization remains a long-term goal, 2080 goes beyond the targeted timeline outlined by Indian policy planners. Thus, this option is incorrect.

Summary. Official key is (b) Year 2070. The question asks for the officially determined target year for population stability in India. While various intermediate milestones exist, policy frameworks extend the timeline to ensure gradual demographic transition. Option (a), (c), and (d) propose incorrect years that do not match official targets. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.