Which of the following is NOT a fundamental duty?Select the correct answer from the code given below:

1. A

   To protect monuments and places of national importance

   Option (a) claims that protecting monuments and places of national importance is a fundamental duty. This is actually a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 49, not a fundamental duty under Article 51A. Therefore, this option is NOT a fundamental duty, making it the correct choice for this question.

2. B

   to protect and improve the natural environment

   Option (b) claims that to protect and improve the natural environment is a fundamental duty. This is indeed enshrined as a fundamental duty under Article 51A(g) of the Constitution of India. Consequently, this option is a fundamental duty and is eliminated.

3. C

   To safeguard public property

   Option (c) claims that to safeguard public property is a fundamental duty. This is listed as a fundamental duty under Article 51A(i) of the Constitution of India. Therefore, this option is a fundamental duty and is eliminated.

4. D

   to respect the National Anthem

   Option (d) claims that to respect the National Anthem is a fundamental duty. This is included as a fundamental duty under Article 51A(a) of the Constitution of India. Thus, this option is a fundamental duty and is eliminated.

Summary. Official key is (a) because protecting monuments and places of national importance falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy rather than the fundamental duties. The fundamental duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 upon the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. Options (b), (c), and (d) correctly represent specific clauses of Article 51A detailing the duties of citizens. Recognizing the constitutional distinction between Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties is crucial for solving this question accurately.