Given below are two statements, one is labelled asAssertion (A) :and the other as Reason (R).Assertion (A) :Rainfall occurs in the winter season in mediterranean climate.Reason (R):In summer these regions remain under the influence of dry terrestrial winds.Select the correct answer from the code given below:

1. A

   (A) is false but (R) is true

   Option (a) claims that Assertion (A) is false while Reason (R) is true. However, both statements are factually correct regarding the climatological characteristics of the Mediterranean region.

2. B

   (A) is true but (R) is false

   Option (b) asserts that Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false. This is incorrect because the summer dryness caused by offshore winds is precisely why the region experiences Mediterranean climate patterns.

3. C

   Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

   Option (c) states that both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A). This is wrong because the summer dominance of dry terrestrial winds directly explains why precipitation is restricted to the winter season when the pressure belts shift.

4. D

   Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

   Option (d) states that both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and that Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). During winter, the shifting of wind and pressure belts brings westerlies that cause rainfall, whereas in summer, the poleward shift of the subtropical high-pressure belt leaves these regions under the influence of dry trade winds or terrestrial winds, making both statements fully accurate and causally linked.

Summary. Official key is (d) because both the assertion regarding winter rainfall and the reason concerning summer dry winds in the Mediterranean climate are factually sound. The Mediterranean region is uniquely characterized by dry summers and wet winters due to the seasonal migration of planetary winds and pressure belts. In summer, the subtropical high pressure creates stable, dry conditions with offshore winds. In winter, the equatorward shift brings moist westerly winds responsible for the characteristic precipitation. Therefore, the reason correctly explains the assertion.