Explanation
- A
Retreating Monsoon
(a) Retreating Monsoon. The retreating or north-east monsoon gives October–December rain mainly to the Tamil Nadu coast, not winter rain in the north-west.
- B
Cyclonic depression
(b) Cyclonic depression. Bay-Bengal monsoon depressions drive summer rain in the plains; they are not the winter mechanism of Punjab–Haryana–western Uttar Pradesh.
- C
Western disturbances
(c) Western disturbances. Extra-tropical cyclones born over the Mediterranean travel east in the westerlies and, in winter, bring rain and snow to north-western India and the western Himalaya. That is the official key for rabi moisture in the north-west.
- D
South-West Monsoon
(d) South-West Monsoon. The June–September south-west monsoon is the summer rain system, not the winter fall of the north-west.
Summary. Official key is (c) Western disturbances. Winter rain in north-western India is frontal moisture from Mediterranean-origin disturbances. The south-west monsoon is summer rain; the retreating monsoon is mainly Tamil Nadu’s winter–northeast rain; monsoon depressions belong to the Bay in the wet season. Rabi wheat in Punjab–Haryana depends on those western disturbances.
Same topic · past papers
UPPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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2022 · Q144 · UPPGS
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) : and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : Rainfall occurs in the winter season in mediterranean climate. Reason (R): In summer these regions remain under the influence of dry terrestrial winds. Select the correct answer from the code given below: