Correct answer: (b) Kyoto protocol
Explanation
- A
Earth Summit, Rio-de-Janeiro
The Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro (1992) produced UNFCCC, CBD and Agenda 21. It set the climate convention, but the tradable ‘carbon credit’ / Kyoto unit architecture is not said to have originated there as this item keys it.
- B
Kyoto protocol
The Kyoto Protocol (adopted 1997, in force 2005) created quantified emission commitments and flexible mechanisms—emissions trading, CDM and Joint Implementation—from which the carbon-credit idea in exam usage originates. That is the official key.
- C
Montreal protocol
The Montreal Protocol (1987) is the ozone-depleting-substances treaty, not the carbon-market instrument. Mixing climate carbon with ozone gases is the trap.
- D
G-8 Summit, Heiligendum
A G-8 meeting at Heiligendamm (2007) discussed climate among other issues; it did not originate carbon credits.
Summary. Official key is (b) the Kyoto Protocol. Carbon credits in this syllabus mean Kyoto-style units generated or traded under flexibility mechanisms, especially CDM. Rio created the parent convention; Montreal protects the ozone layer; Heiligendamm is a later G-8 venue. Do not date carbon markets to 1992 Rio. Honour the stored letter (b).
Same topic · past papers
UPPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
-
2023 · Q64 · UPPGS
To whom does the credit go for the development of coconut and sugarcane agriculture in the Philippines? -
2020 · Q57 · UPPGS
Which of the following State Governments has started 'Pashu-Kisan Credit Card' Scheme in year 2020? -
2020 · Q147 · UPPGS
Consider the following events and arrange them of chronological order: 1. Establishment of NABARD 2. Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme 3. Kisan Credit Card Plan 4. Establishment of Regional Rural Bank Select the correct answer from the codes given Below.