Correct answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. The First Carnatic War did end with Aix-la-Chapelle, but Madras was also restored to the English, so statement 2 is not dispensable.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. Madras returned under the 1748 European settlement, yet that same treaty closed the First Carnatic War. Dropping 1 is wrong.
- C
Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2. The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the War of the Austrian Succession and, in India, the First Carnatic War; Madras, taken by the French in 1746, went back to the English. Official key.
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2. Both statements are textbook facts of 1746–48.
Summary. Official key is (c) Both 1 and 2. Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) settled Europe’s Austrian Succession war and wound up the First Carnatic War. Pondicherry stayed French; Madras was restored to the English. ‘Only 1’ or ‘only 2’ knocks out a true limb of that same treaty.