In which of the following provisions for the protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife are found in the Constitution of India?

1. A

   Only in the Directive Principles of State Policy

   Directive Principles do contain Article 48A (protect and improve the environment, forests and wildlife), but Fundamental Duties also contain Article 51A(g). ‘Only DPSP’ is incomplete.

2. B

   Only in the Fundamental Duties

   Article 51A(g) is a Fundamental Duty to protect the natural environment, but 48A is a DPSP. ‘Only duties’ is incomplete.

3. C

   Both (a) and (b)

   Both (a) and (b): environment, forests and wildlife appear in the Directive Principles (48A) and in the Fundamental Duties (51A(g)), added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976. That is the official key.

4. D

   None of the above

   The Constitution does contain these provisions, so ‘none’ is wrong.

Summary. Official key is (c). Article 48A (DPSP) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty) both address environment, forests and wildlife after the 42nd Amendment.