Given below are two statements, one is labelled asAssertion (A) :and the ether as Reason (R).Assertion (A):Sugarcane and sugar production in U.P. is more than Maharashtra but productivity is less.Reason (R):Most of the sugar factories in Maharashtra are in cooperative sector.

1. A

   Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

   Both statements are true, but cooperative factories in Maharashtra do not explain why Uttar Pradesh produces more cane/sugar with lower productivity. Climate, recovery, crushing season and variety mix explain the productivity gap. So (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

2. B

   Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

   Assertion is true: UP leads in area and often in total cane/sugar; yield and sugar recovery are typically higher in Maharashtra. Reason is also true: most Maharashtra mills are in the cooperative sector. The cooperative fact does not cause UP’s lower productivity, so (b) is the official key.

3. C

   (A) is true, but (R) is false

   (R) is not false; Maharashtra’s cooperative sugar sector is a well-known fact.

4. D

   (A) is false, but (R) is true

   (A) is not false for the exam’s production-versus-productivity contrast.

Summary. Official key is (b). Both true; cooperatives in Maharashtra do not explain UP’s lower cane productivity. Production volume and productivity are different.