Which of the following is an extra- constitutional agency?

1. A

   Union Public Service Commission

   The Union Public Service Commission is a constitutional body under Articles 315 to 323. It is not extra-constitutional. This option is not the key.

2. B

   Finance Commission

   The Finance Commission is constituted under Article 280. It is constitutional. This option is therefore wrong.

3. C

   Election Commission

   The Election Commission is provided in Article 324. It is a constitutional body. This option is not the key.

4. D

   NITI Aayog

   NITI Aayog was created by a Union Cabinet resolution in 2015. It is not mentioned in the Constitution, unlike the Planning Commission’s extra-constitutional character which it inherited as a think-tank. This option is the official key.

Summary. Official key is (d) NITI Aayog. UPSC, the Finance Commission and the Election Commission all have express constitutional articles. NITI Aayog exists by executive resolution and advises on policy without a constitutional clause. Extra-constitutional here means outside the Constitution’s text. Only (d) fits.