Outline the development of revolutionary movement in Bengal.

Swadeshi seed, 1902–08

• The Anushilan Samiti, organised at Calcutta from 1902 under Pramathanath Mitra, and the Jugantar circle around Barindra Kumar Ghosh, trained youth in physical culture and then in conspiracy.
• The 1905 Partition of Bengal, Curzon’s blow to a united province, turned swadeshi boycott into a recruiting ground for those who judged petition too slow.
• The Yugantar newspaper and Aurobindo Ghose’s writing gave the samitis a frame of national rebirth.
• Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki’s Muzaffarpur bombing (1908) and the Alipore Bomb Case made Bengal’s revolution a public legend and invited a harder police state.

War years and Bagha Jatin

• Jatindranath Mukherjee (Bagha Jatin) tried to link Jugantar with German arms during the First World War; the 1915 Balasore encounter ended that rising.
• The Hindu–German Conspiracy and the Ghadar echo on the coast show Bengal as one node of a wartime international plot, not only a Calcutta club.
• After 1916–19 many cadres went to jail or into hiding; Non-Cooperation then pulled some youth toward Gandhi while others kept the pistol as the true path.

Chittagong and the 1930s climax

• Surya Sen (Masterda) led the Chittagong Armoury Raid on 18 April 1930, seized the armoury and the European club’s communications for hours, and fought a hill guerrilla that the Raj crushed only after years.
• Pritilata Waddedar’s Pahartali raid and death (1932), Kalpana Datta’s role, and the hanging of Sen in 1934 show women and a district town, not only Calcutta bhadralok men, inside the movement.
• Benoy Bose, Badal Gupta, and Dinesh Gupta’s attack on the Writers’ Building (8 December 1930) carried the war into the provincial secretariat.
• Parallel HSRA politics and later Subhas Bose’s Congress and INA path drew Bengal youth, but they are neighbouring streams; the classic Bengal outline closes with Chittagong’s suppression.

What the outline should hold

• The movement developed from samiti fitness to bomb, from Partition anger to wartime conspiracy, to a 1930 district insurrection.
• It did not win swaraj by arms; it did force the Raj to treat Bengal as a security problem and it fed a culture of sacrifice that later mass politics still used.