A
A one-time survey conducted exclusively during the monsoon season
B
A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over short or long periods of time
C
A study conducted across multiple countries along the same longitudinal meridian
D
An administrative audit restricted to financial expenditures of road construction
Correct answer: (b) A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over short or long periods of time
Explanation
Option B correctly defines a longitudinal study as a research design involving repeated observations of the same variables over time. Options A, C, and D are incorrect distractors that distort the methodological meaning of the term.
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