A
Private capital raised through initial public offerings by airport operators
B
Tax rebates given to luxury commercial airlines operating international routes
C
Emergency loans granted by the World Bank to clear national debt
D
Financial support provided by the government to subsidize economically desirable but commercially unviable infrastructure
Correct answer: (d) Financial support provided by the government to subsidize economically desirable but commercially unviable infrastructure
Explanation
Viability Gap Funding (VGF) refers to financial support provided by the government to bridge the viability gap of infrastructure projects that are economically and socially desirable but commercially unviable on their own. Options A, C, and D are incorrect definitions unrelated to the concept of VGF.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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2023 · Q130 · UPPGS
Who authored the book "The Challenge of World Poverty"?