A
Acoustic monitoring of subterranean seismic shifts along tectonic fault lines
B
Chemical analysis of atmospheric particulate matter in urban industrial corridors
C
Real-time tracking of oceanic salinity and deep-sea current velocities
D
High-precision optical distance measurement and spatial mapping using laser pulses
Correct answer: (d) High-precision optical distance measurement and spatial mapping using laser pulses
Explanation
Option D is correct as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) utilizes light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges and generate precise 3D spatial models. The other options describe sonar, seismology, or air quality monitoring instruments.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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