A
Consumer internet applications focusing on fast-moving retail delivery
B
Technology solutions based on substantial scientific or engineering innovations requiring prolonged R&D
C
Simple software scripts used for automating basic office documentation
D
Low-cost assembly line manufacturing of plastic household goods
Correct answer: (b) Technology solutions based on substantial scientific or engineering innovations requiring prolonged R&D
Explanation
Key B is correct because deep-tech refers to innovations grounded in heavy scientific research and engineering requiring prolonged R&D. Basic software scripts or retail apps do not qualify as deep-tech.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.