A
A tender process open to global private manufacturing conglomerates for competitive bidding.
B
A treaty-level defense contract signed directly between sovereign governments without open tender procurement.
C
An agreement solely between domestic private firms and the Ministry of Rural Development.
D
A non-binding memorandum of understanding between multilateral lending agencies and private start-ups.
Correct answer: (b) A treaty-level defense contract signed directly between sovereign governments without open tender procurement.
Explanation
Option B is correct because an Inter-Governmental Agreement is a treaty-level defense contract signed directly between sovereign governments without open tender procurement. The other options misstate the nature of such agreements.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.