X' was addressing a seminar on the meaning of the term 'law' as provided under Article 13, Part III of the Constitution of India. 'X' explained that the meaning of the term 'law' in the Constitution of India was very comprehensive. It included ordinances, orders and even rules and regulations. 'Y' pointed out that the term 'law' in Article 13 also included custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law, to which 'X' was not convinced. Based on the above,select the correct conclusion from the options given below:

1. A

   'X' is correct in the interpretation of law, including the view on non-inclusion of custom.

   This option claims that 'X' is correct in excluding custom from the definition of law under Article 13. It is not the key because Article 13 explicitly includes custom or usage having the force of law within the definition of 'law'.

2. B

   The view of 'Y' that 'law' included custom is not correct.

   This option claims that 'Y' is incorrect in stating that 'law' includes custom. It is not the key because 'Y' is entirely correct as customs and usages having the force of law are expressly covered under Article 13(3)(a).

3. C

   The views of both 'X' and 'Y' are correct.

   This option claims that both 'X' and 'Y' are correct. It is not the key because 'X' was incorrect in rejecting the inclusion of custom or usage, making 'X's view flawed while 'Y's view was right.

4. D

   The view of only 'Y' is correct.

   The view of only 'Y' is correct. Under Article 13(3)(a) of the Constitution of India, the term 'law' is defined broadly to include any ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law. Therefore, 'Y' correctly pointed out the inclusion of custom, whereas 'X' was wrong in not being convinced of it. Summary. Official key is (d). Article 13 of the Constitution provides a comprehensive definition of 'law' for the purposes of Part III, which expressly encompasses customs and usages having the force of law alongside statutory instruments and delegated legislation, rendering 'Y's view right and 'X's view incorrect.

Summary. Official key is (d). Article 13 of the Constitution provides a comprehensive definition of 'law' for the purposes of Part III, which expressly encompasses customs and usages having the force of law alongside statutory instruments and delegated legislation, rendering 'Y's view right and 'X's view incorrect.