Explanation
- A
1 and 3
This option claims that statements 1 and 3 are correct. However, statement 3 incorrectly defines a consortium blockchain in this context or is excluded from the correct set because statement 2 is also an essential valid characteristic of distributed ledger technology tested by UPSC here. Thus, this option is incorrect.
- B
2 and 4 only
This option claims that statements 2 and 4 are correct while omitting statement 1. Statement 1 is indeed correct as blockchain records visibility can be granted securely to stakeholders without alteration risk. Thus, this option is incorrect.
- C
1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4. Statement 1 is correct because data stored in a blockchain can be shared transparently with authorized stakeholders with cryptographic guarantees against tampering. Statement 2 is correct as decentralized networks maintain synchronized copies of the ledger across multiple nodes. Statement 4 is correct because once data is validated and added to a block, cryptographic hashing and consensus mechanisms render historical data immutable. Therefore, options 1, 2, and 4 form the correct combination.
- D
1 and 4 only
This option claims that statements 1 and 4 are correct. It incorrectly omits statement 2, which accurately describes the decentralized multi-node architecture and rapid synchronization of blockchains. Thus, this option is incorrect. Summary. Official key is (c). Blockchain technology relies on decentralization, cryptographic immutability, and controlled transparency, making statements 1, 2, and 4 correct while other combinations fail.
Summary. Official key is (c). Blockchain technology relies on decentralization, cryptographic immutability, and controlled transparency, making statements 1, 2, and 4 correct while other combinations fail.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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2026 · Q91 · General Studies · 2 marks
Which of the following statements about Real-World Assets (RWA) Tokenization are correct? 1. Tokenization is the process of turning real world assets into digital tokens using blockchain technology. 2. Tokenization of real world assets offers 24×7 access, promoting financial inclusion. 3. Tokenization of real world assets will allow the access to high growth investment opportunities for individuals in India. Select the answer using the code given below: -
2020 · Q40 · General Studies · 2 marks
With reference to "Blockchain Technology" consider the following statements: 1. It is a public ledger that everyone we inspect, but which no single user controls 2. The structure and design of blockchain is such that all the data in it are about crypto currency only. 3. Applications that depend on basic features of blockchain can be developed without anybody's permission. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? -
2026 · Q42 · General Studies · 2 marks
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