Explanation
- A
These are alternatives to hydro- fluorocarbon refrigerants
Alternatives to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants. Those substitutes are a different family (HFOs and similar). CL-20, HMX and LLM-105 are energetic nitramines, not cooling gases.
- B
These are explosives in military weapons
Explosives in military weapons. CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), HMX (octogen) and LLM-105 are high-energy nitramine explosives used in munitions. That is the shared characteristic.
- C
These are high- energy fuels for cruise missiles
High-energy fuels for cruise missiles. These compounds are explosives, not cruise-missile propellants. HMX can appear in some energetic fills, which is why this option sits next to the key.
- D
These are fuels for rocket propulsion
Fuels for rocket propulsion. HMX is used in some rocket propellant grains. CL-20 and LLM-105 are classed as explosives, not a shared rocket-fuel family.
Summary. Official key is (b): CL-20, HMX and LLM-105 are military high explosives. They are not HFC refrigerant substitutes. Rocket or cruise-missile fuel is the neighbour trap because HMX also appears in some propellant grains.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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2025 · Q45 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following substances: I. Ethanol II. Nitroglycerine III. Urea Coal gasification technology can be used in the production of how many of them? -
2024 · Q17 · General Studies · 2 marks
With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer product, consider the following statements : 1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging material. 2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment. 3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies. Which of the statements given above are correct?