Which of the following statements correctly explain the impact of Industrial Revolution on India during the first half of the nineteenth century?

1. A

   Indian handicrafts were ruined.

   Indian handicrafts were ruined. Machine-made Lancashire cloth undercut weavers in the first half of the nineteenth century.

2. B

   Machines were introduced in the Indian textile industry in large numbers.

   Machines in Indian mills in large numbers. That is later (1850s onward, Bombay).

3. C

   Railway lines were laid in many parts of the country

   Railways in many parts. Main trunk boom is post-1853, not the first-half story as keyed.

4. D

   Heavy duties were imposed on the imports of British manufactures

   Heavy duties on British manufactures. Policy was the opposite: free entry of British goods.

Summary. Official key is (a). The first-half-nineteenth-century industrial-revolution impact keyed here is de-industrialisation of handicrafts. Mills, railways at scale, and duties on British goods are the wrong decade or the wrong policy.