Q10 · UPSC Prelims 2019 · Set A · History (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)

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With refence to forced labour (Vishti) in India during the Gupta period,which one of the following statements is correct?

A It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
B It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar region of the Gupta Empire.
C The forced labourer was entitled to weekly wages
D The eldest son of the labourers was sent as the forced labourer

Correct answer: (a) It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.

Explanation

  1. A

    It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.

    (a) Vishti as a source of income for the State, a sort of tax. Gupta-period inscriptions list vishti (forced unpaid labour) among dues the state and donees could claim, like a labour tax. That reading is the official key.

  2. B

    It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar region of the Gupta Empire.

    (b) Totally absent in Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar. Vishti is in fact attested in those regions of the Gupta world, so absence is not the key.

  3. C

    The forced labourer was entitled to weekly wages

    (c) Entitled to weekly wages. Forced labour of this type was unpaid corvée, not a waged weekly service, so this is not the key.

  4. D

    The eldest son of the labourers was sent as the forced labourer

    (d) Eldest son sent as the forced labourer. No such primogeniture rule is the Gupta vishti definition, so this is not the key.

Summary. Official key is (a). Vishti in Gupta records is unpaid forced labour treated as a state due — a labour tax alongside grain and cash claims. It is documented in central Indian and Kathiawar grants, not absent there, and it was not a waged or eldest-son levy. Honour the stored letter (a).

Same topic · past papers

UPSC has asked this before

These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.

  1. 2026 · Q64 · General Studies · 2 marks

    Which of the following international conventions have NOT been ratified by India? 1. Employment Policy Convention 2. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention 3. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 4. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 5. Convention on Reduction of Statelessness Official key: X.
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