In India, 'extended producer responsibility' was introduced as an important feature in which of the following?

1. A

   The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998

   (a) Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 regulate hospital waste. They are not the instrument that introduced extended producer responsibility as the exam’s important feature. Not the key.

2. B

   The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999

   (b) Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999 dealt with recycled plastic bags and marking. EPR as a named pillar is not this 1999 code. Not the key.

3. C

   The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011

   (c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 made extended producer responsibility a central feature: the producer remains responsible for electrical and electronic equipment after end of life. That is the official key.

4. D

   The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011

   (d) Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2011 are FSSAI food-safety norms, not an EPR statute. Not the key.

Summary. Official key is (c). EPR in Indian environmental law is classically taught from the 2011 e-waste rules: the producer funds collection and channelisation after consumption. Bio-medical, 1999 plastics and FSSAI rules are different regimes. Honour (c).