Q82 · UPSC Prelims 2018 · Set A · Environment and Ecology

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With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following statements:1.A high content of organic matter in soil drastically reduces its water holding capacity.2.Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle.3.Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A 1 and 2 only
B 3 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

Correct answer: (b) 3 only

Explanation

  1. A

    1 and 2 only

    (a) 1 and 2 only. Organic matter increases, rather than drastically reduces, water-holding capacity, so statement 1 is false. Soils are active in the sulphur cycle (organic S, sulphate, microbes), so statement 2 is false. This option is not the key.

  2. B

    3 only

    (b) 3 only. Prolonged irrigation in arid and semi-arid tracts brings dissolved salts that accumulate when evapotranspiration exceeds leaching—secondary salinisation. That is statement 3, and it is the only correct statement. This option is the official key.

  3. C

    1 and 3 only

    (c) 1 and 3 only. Statement 3 is true, but statement 1 reverses the role of humus. This option is not the key.

  4. D

    1, 2 and 3

    (d) 1, 2 and 3. Two of the three statements are false. This option is not the key.

Summary. Official key is (b) 3 only. Humus raises a soil’s water-holding capacity, so statement 1 is backwards. Sulphur cycles through soil organic matter and sulphate ions, so statement 2 is false. Irrigation without adequate drainage does salinise land over time, which is statement 3. Only that statement survives. The WRAP key is (b).

Same topic · past papers

UPSC has asked this before

These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.

  1. 2023 · Q63 · General Studies · 2 marks

    Consider the following statements : Statement-I : The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients. Statement-II : The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

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