Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. NGT was set up by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, but CPCB was not created by an executive order: it is a statutory body under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, later also under the Air Act, 1981. Statement 1 is therefore false and cannot be the key.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. (b) Official key: NGT gives specialised environmental justice and eases the load on High Courts and the Supreme Court. CPCB’s mandate includes promoting cleanliness of streams and wells and improving air quality. Statement 1 misdescribes CPCB’s origin, so only statement 2 is correct.
- C
Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2. Statement 2 is right, but statement 1 is not, so both-correct is not the key.
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2. Statement 2 correctly contrasts the two bodies’ functions, so ‘neither’ is not the key.
Summary. Official key is (b) 2 only. NGT is a 2010 statutory tribunal for environmental cases; CPCB is a 1974 statutory board, not an executive creation. Their functional contrast in statement 2 is accurate. Honour the stored letter (b).
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