The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following?

1. A

   The Preamble

   (a) The Preamble. It states the objectives — justice, liberty, equality, fraternity — and the nature of the polity. Courts and textbooks treat it as the mind of the Constitution’s makers. This is the official key.

2. B

   The Fundamental Rights

   (b) The Fundamental Rights. They are a vital chapter, not the single mirror of the makers’ full mind. Not the key.

3. C

   The Directive Principles of State Policy

   (c) The Directive Principles. Granville Austin called them a social-revolution chapter, still not the Preamble’s encapsulating role. Not the key.

4. D

   The Fundamental Duties

   (d) The Fundamental Duties. Added in 1976, they cannot be the 1949 makers’ original mind as a whole. Not the key.

Summary. Official key is (a) the Preamble. It records sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic and the four justice–liberty–equality–fraternity aims. Kesavananda Bharati treated the Preamble as part of the Constitution and as a guide to basic structure. Fundamental Rights, DPSPs and Duties are important parts, but the question asks where the makers’ mind is reflected as a whole. The Objectives Resolution (Nehru, 1946) is the Preamble’s source neighbour.