Correct answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Nuclear Security Summits were US-initiated leaders’ summits (2010–2016), not a standing UN series. Statement 1 is false.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. The International Panel on Fissile Materials is an independent expert group, not an IAEA organ. Statement 2 is false.
- C
Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2. Both institutional claims fail.
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2. NSS was a US-led process outside a UN periodicity mandate; IPFM is not an IAEA body. This is the official key.
Summary. Official key is (d) neither 1 nor 2. Nuclear Security Summits began in Washington in 2010 at President Obama’s call and were hosted by individual States, not as a UN organ’s calendar. The International Panel on Fissile Materials is a Princeton-based independent panel tracking highly enriched uranium and plutonium. IAEA runs safeguards and nuclear security guidance, but IPFM is not its organ. Both statements fall.
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