Correct answer: (b) 3 only
Explanation
- A
1 and 2 only
Statement 1 (same period) and statement 2 (same religious denomination) are both false. Ajanta’s principal caves span Satavahana to Vakataka centuries (roughly 2nd century BCE to 5th–6th century CE) and are Buddhist; Mahabalipuram is largely Pallava, 7th–8th century CE, and Hindu (with some Jain). 1 and 2 only is not the key.
- B
3 only
Statement 3 is correct: both places have rock-cut monuments — Ajanta’s chaitya and vihara caves cut into the Waghora scarp, and Mahabalipuram’s rathas, mandapas and the Descent of the Ganga relief. Statements 1 and 2 fail on date and faith. Hence 3 only is the official key.
- C
1 and 3 only
Pairing same period with rock-cut work still fails because the two sites are centuries apart. 1 and 3 only is not the key.
- D
None of the statements given above is correct
‘None’ would deny the shared rock-cut character, which is true. This option is therefore wrong.
Summary. Official key is (b) 3 only. Ajanta and Mahabalipuram both display rock-cut architecture, which is the only common statement among the three. They do not belong to one period: Ajanta is earlier Buddhist cave work; Mahabalipuram is Pallava structural-and-cut stone on the Coromandel. They also do not share one religion. UNESCO lists both, but that does not make statements 1 or 2 true.
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