In the South Atlantic and South-Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason?

1. A

   Sea surface temperatures are low

   (a) Sea surface temperatures are low. The South Atlantic and south-eastern Pacific tropical belts sit under the cold Benguela and Humboldt (Peru) currents. SST often stays below the ~26–27 °C threshold needed for tropical cyclone genesis. That thermal barrier is why cyclones do not originate there, and it is the official key.

2. B

   Inter-tropical Convergence Zone seldom occurs

   (b) Inter-tropical Convergence Zone seldom occurs. The ITCZ does shift into tropical latitudes of both oceans in the southern summer. ‘Seldom occurs’ overstates the case and is not the keyed reason.

3. C

   Coriolis force is too weak

   (c) Coriolis force is too weak. Coriolis is weak only very near the equator. These named regions lie well into tropical latitudes where deflection is adequate; Coriolis is not the limiting factor.

4. D

   Absence of land in those regions

   (d) Absence of land in those regions. Cyclones are oceanic heat engines; lack of land does not stop genesis (open Pacific and Atlantic basins prove that). Land absence is not the key.

Summary. Official key is (a) Sea surface temperatures are low. Cold eastern-boundary currents keep the tropical South Atlantic and south-east Pacific too cool for cyclone cores. ITCZ does visit those latitudes, Coriolis is not vanishing there, and missing land is irrelevant to genesis. Only the cold SST explanation matches the keyed option.