In India, markets in agricultural products are regulated under the

1. A

   Essential Commodities Act, 1955

   (a) Essential Commodities Act, 1955. ECA lets the Centre control production, supply and prices of notified essentials. It is not the statute that creates the mandi/APMC market system.

2. B

   Agricultural Produce Market Committee Act enacted by States

   (b) Agricultural Produce Market Committee Act enacted by States. Farm-produce markets in India have been regulated under State APMC Acts, which set up market committees and notified yards. That State-law framework is the official key.

3. C

   Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937

   (c) Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937. This Central Act is about AGMARK quality grades, not market-yard regulation.

4. D

   Food Products Order, 1956 and Meat and Food Products Order, 1973

   (d) Food Products Order, 1956 and Meat and Food Products Order, 1973. These were food-processing quality orders, later folded into FSSAI, not mandi regulation.

Summary. Official key is (b) Agricultural Produce Market Committee Act enacted by States. Primary agricultural markets have been a State subject run through APMC laws. ECA, AGMARK and old food-product orders do other jobs. Only State APMC Acts match ‘markets in agricultural products are regulated’.