Q16 · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2017 · GS I · 15 marks · 3 min read

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In what way can floods be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India? (250 words).

Topic: Natural Resources and Industries. Syllabus: Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India). Same official PYQ from year-wise 2017 and Natural Resources and Industries.

Revision summary

Monsoon floods can be stored in tanks, wetlands, aquifers, and reservoir cushions for later irrigation. Traditional spreading systems and Khadar recharge turn a short peak into rabi water. National waterways need that stored water and careful barrages to keep draught after the flood. Embankment-only control raises the bed and fails both goals. Sediment, ecological flow, and floodplain zoning make the conversion sustainable.

Model answer

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  F[Monsoon flood peak] --> T[Tanks wetlands recharge]
  F --> R[Reservoir flood cushion]
  T --> I[Rabi irrigation wells]
  R --> I
  R --> N[Lean-season draught]
  N --> W[NW-1 NW-2 barges]
  Z[Floodplain zoning sediment] --> I
  Z --> W

Conclusion

  • Combine tank–wetland recharge, honest reservoir rule curves, and maintained waterways; score success by rabi hectares and barge-days, not by kilometres of new bund.

Floods become a sustainable irrigation source when peaks are spread into tanks, aquifers, and rule-curved reservoirs, and they support all-weather navigation when that stored water keeps a fairway draught on national waterways. The method is living with the pulse of the monsoon river, not sealing it between rising embankments.

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