Essay map
Opening scene
Anecdote
A farmer in Bundelkhand keeps a diesel pump and a rumour of solar. The monsoon is late again. ‘Alternative technology’ is not a pavilion in Delhi. It is whether the field drinks next week without breaking the household.
Keep this in every paragraph
One stand
- Climate-resilient means a buffer: seed, water, power, a house that does not wash away. Alternative means a path that is not only more coal. Write use, repair, a public grid.
Use once, in a scene — do not dump names
Quotes to earn
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Schumacher
Intermediate technology — one nod: tools people can own.
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Gandhi
Production by the masses — a pump that does not exile the village.
Turn each heading into a full paragraph in the hall
Heading map
What the line is asking
- Alternative: solar, a drip, a millet, a cooler roof — not only a new coal plant.
- Climate change resilient India: heat, flood, a failed monsoon, a coast.
- Technology as a social object: who owns it, who mends it.
Farm
- Seed, a weather SMS, a solar pump that is not a new debt trap.
- Crop insurance as a cousin of technology — a file that pays.
Water / energy
- Micro-irrigation, a recharge well, a rooftop that is actually net-metered.
- Storage: the missing brick in ‘renewable India’.
Coast / city
- A mangrove, a drainage that was not concreted shut, a heat-action plan.
The counter
A solar panel on a poor roof with a loan is not resilience; it is a new EMI. And ‘traditional’ is not always kind (a floodplain hut). Technology without a right to repair and a public science is a catalogue.
Drop one peg where it fits — not a data dump
Value addition
- NDC / NAPCC India’s climate file — peg once, then the field.
- PM-KUSUM / drip Solar and water as farm tools — check the EMI.
- Heat action / CRZ City and coast as technology of rules, not only gadgets.
Last 8–10 lines in the exam
Last paragraph
- Close: one machine the last person can mend. Expand — this is only the map.
Quick related
Students also ask
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Next question in the 2018 paper (Q2). View answer →
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Is this the full essay?
No. It is a map. In the exam, each heading becomes a paragraph with one Indian case.
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Tone?
Grounded. One farm, one city. Not a list of ten missions.
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