Anthropology short notes · Paper 1

Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker

9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker: ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferrin, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics—Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic groups.

Short notes

Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker

Age, Sex And Population Variation As Genetic Marker

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Abo

Definition

Population genetics & evolutionary studies.

Rh Blood Groups

Definition

Population genetics & evolutionary studies.

Example / case study

  • Human chromosomal variants (e.g., heterochromatin variations)
  • Anthropological use: Helpful in evolutionary and population studies.
  • 5. Biochemical/protein/functional (Molecular) Polymorphism
  • Variation at the protein or enzyme level.

Hla Hp

Definition

GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) identify connections between genetic variants and diseases.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Transferrin

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Blood Enzymes. Physiological Characteristics

Definition

Thus, scientific analysis of the human skeleton serves broader humanitarian objectives such as justice, dignity and identification of victims.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Hb Level

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Body Fat

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • 1 – Tristan da Cunha Island: (Cunhu da Tri star)
  • 2 – Huntington’s Disease #4 (Brain Cell Degeneration): (Mar cai aibo hunting pe - Yadav dimag)

Pulse Rate

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Respiratory Functions

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Sensory Perceptions In Different Cultural

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.

Socio-Economic Groups

Definition

UPSC note: ABO system is the most commonly cited example in humans.

Example / case study

  • Some protein variants with no adaptive value
  • Importance: Useful in population genetics and ancestry studies.
  • Variation in chromosome structure or number within a population.