Give an account of the minerals found in Uttar Pradesh.

Southern hard-rock and energy minerals

• Sonbhadra holds the State’s only notable coal fringe of the Singrauli field, feeding Obra–Renukoot–Anpara thermal generation and linked to limestone that supplies the Dalla–Churk cement belt.
• Limestone and dolomite of the Vindhyan sequence in Sonbhadra and adjoining Mirzapur are the principal cement and flux stones of Uttar Pradesh.
• Bauxite and associated lateritic clays occur in the Banda–Vindhyan upland; they are modest beside Odisha–Jharkhand but locally important for refractories and aluminium feedstock talk.
• Diaspore and pyrophyllite in Hamirpur, Mahoba, Jhansi, and Lalitpur are the characteristic Bundelkhand industrial minerals, used in ceramics, glass, and high-alumina products.
• Granite and other dimension stone from Lalitpur, Mahoba, and Banda, with sandstone from Mirzapur–Sonbhadra, are building and export stones rather than metallic ores.
• China clay, fireclay, and silica sand — especially the Shankargarh glass sand of Prayagraj and sands of Banda–Chitrakoot — support the State’s glass and foundry cluster.

Alluvial minor minerals and limits

• The Ganga–Yamuna–Ghaghara belt yields sand, morrum, brick earth, and kankar, now the most litigated and policed mineral stream in the State because of riverbed mining.
• Reh and usar patches of the plains are saline-alkaline evaporites of little metal value but of soil-chemistry importance.
• Iron, gold, and uranium have been prospected in Bundelkhand and Sonbhadra; they remain exploration notes, not a production economy comparable to limestone or sand.
• Rock phosphate occurrences in Lalitpur and andalusite in the southern districts round out a list that is industrial and construction-heavy, not a base-metal province.